In Brief:
E.g. you have a batch of 10 tons coffee. Take the coffee and fill it up with water (I don't know the exact amount), heat it up and wash al the ingredients out of the coffee. The water must be saturated with the ingredients. This coffee is waste! you can't use it. The saturated water flows over active carbon to remove the caffeine. Now you have a liquor saturated with all coffee ingredients and without caffeine. This water will be used for the decaf process with "new" coffee.
I think the taste is influenced from the ingredients of the washed coffee. I mean that you have ingredients from other coffees in your cup because the ingredients in the water go into the coffee and vice versa. I hope it is understandable
this is a very short form of the process.